It is when the kidneys do not reabsorb cystine from the urine. Cystinuria (too much cystine in the urine) is a rare, inherited metabolic disorder. Cystine stones (less than 1 percent of stones)Ĭystine is an amino acid that is in certain foods it is one of the building blocks of protein. People who get chronic UTIs, such as those with long-term tubes in their kidneys or bladders, or people with poor bladder emptying due to neurologic disorders (paralysis, multiple sclerosis, and spina bifida) are at the highest risk for developing these stones. These stones are often large, with branches, and they often grow very fast. Magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) stones form in alkaline urine. Some bacteria make the urine less acidic and more basic or alkaline. These stones are related to chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs). Struvite stones are not a common type of stone. Struvite/infection stones (10 percent of stones) A diet that is high in animal protein and low in fruits and vegetables.Uric acid crystals do not dissolve well in acidic urine and instead will form a uric acid stone. Uric acid is a waste product that comes from chemical changes in the body. Uric acid stones (5-10 percent of stones) Even with normal amounts of calcium in the urine, calcium stones may form for other reasons. Some people have too much calcium in their urine, raising their risk of calcium stones. Calcium oxalate is by far the most common type of calcium stone. There are two types of calcium stones: calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Diagram of Kidney Stones Enlarge Calcium stones (80 percent of stones)Ĭalcium stones are the most common type of kidney stone.
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